2013 was the most challenging year in Bordeaux many vine-growers and winemakers have seen in the past three decades. Many red Bordeaux in 2013 are diluted and failed to achieve full sugar ripeness (fruit) and phenolic ripeness (tannin). 2013 started poor with wet spring, uneven and late flowering. January had 51mm more rain than usual, the soil was wet and delayed bud break. A large proportion of yield was lost due to the rain in flowering. Most vines had insufficient photosynthesis. Then they had the hottest July for over 60 years, sadly storm broke out at the end of July, with Pessac-Leognan affected the worst. After the hail and storm…